🌟とびら第1課「日本の地理」の文法・漢字リスト🌟
🌟Grammar + Kanji list of Tobira🌟
Lesson 1 🗾 Japanese geography
🌟Grammar list 文法項目🌟click ✏️ for the detailed explanation!
| No. | Meaning 意味 | Example 例文 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | nounでできる, nounからできる/できている | でできる be made of, からできる be made from | 納豆は大豆からできる。 Natto is made from soybeans. |
| 2 | adjective-stem + さ | さ on the stem of Japanese adjectives make a noun | このカバンの大きさはちょうど良い。 The size of this bag is just right. |
| 3 | nounの/verb ように | as, as if, like | このレシピのようにお好み焼きを作ってみた。 I made okonomiyaki as this recipe shows. |
| 4 | 〜は〜で有名だ/知られている | ..is famous for.., it is known because of.. | Greece is known to be the birthplace of Western philosophy. |
| 5 | 1. verb stem 2. stem of i-adjective+く | and (connecting the sentences, used mostly in written Japanese, te-form is used in spoken Japanese) | 週末は勉強をし、新しい漢字を覚えた。I studied at the weekend and learned some new Kanji. 上級になると覚えなければいけない漢字が多く、大変だ。There are so many kanji you have to learn at an advanced level, and it's tough |
| 6 | verb-non-past + ことが(も)ある | There are sometimes when.. | 時間があれば、自転車に乗って通勤することもある。 If I have time, I ride a bicycle to work sometimes. |
| 7 | 〜か/かどうかはnounによって違う(による) | によって違う it differs depends on による it depends on | 次の試験に合格出来るかどうかは努力によります。 It depends on my effort whether you can pass the next exam or not |
| 8 | verb-stem + 始める✏️ | begin to✏️ | 長い会議の後みんな疲れを感じ始めていた。 After a long business meeting, everyone was starting to feel tired. |
| 9 | noun1 + particle + の + noun2 | Particles modifies the noun.Careful, が、を、にcannot be used! へ、で、と、から、まで can be used only! | 日本での勉強はどうでしたか。友達への手紙を書いた。How was your study in Japan? I wrote a letter to a friend. |
| 10 | 〜はsentenceと言われている。 | It is said to be.. | その考えは正しいと言われている。It is said that the idea is considered to be right. |
| 11 | 〜と言えば | speaking of | 健康食品と言えば、最近抹茶が見直されている。🍵Speaking of healthy food, matcha green tea is getting a lot of attention these days. |
| 12 | 〜とか | things like.., such as.. | 東京で、秋葉原とか渋谷に行ってみたい。I want to go to places like Akihabara, Shibuya in Tokyo. |
| 13 | 1. 〜というのはnounのことだ/ということだ, 〜というのはsentenceということだ, 〜というのはsentenceという意味だ | it means.. | 声優というのはボイスアクター、声だけで出演する俳優のことだ。Seiyuu means a voice actor, an actor who appears only with his voice. |
| 14 | 〜だけでなくて、〜だけじゃなくて、 | 私の英語の先生は英語だけではなくドイツ語も教えられる。My English teacher can teach not only English but also German. | |
| 15 | nounって | speak of.., as for (は).. casual form of は | 「トトロ」って見た？ Have you watched 'Totoro'? |
| 16 | 〜っていう/聞く/書く/思う | say/hear/write/think that.. casual form of と | 明日は大雨だって聞いたけど、知っている？I heard it's going to rain a lot tomorrow, do you know that? |
Kanji list 漢字リスト
| No. | Kanji 漢字 | Meaning 意味 | Words 言葉 | Translation 訳 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 島 | island | 半島 | a peninsula |
| 島国 | an island nation(country) | |||
| クレタ島 | Crete (island) | |||
| 2 | 平 | flat, equal, peace | 平均 | average |
| 平成 | Heisei period (1989-2019) | |||
| 太平洋 | Pacific Ocean | |||
| 平気 | calm, fine | |||
| 平日 | weekday | |||
| 平等 | equality | |||
| 3 | 和 | peace, Japanese style, harmony | 和食 | Japanese food |
| 和風 | Japanese style | |||
| 和紙 | Japanese paper | |||
| 和室 | Japanese room | |||
| 和服 | Japanese Clothes | |||
| 4 | 伝 | transmit, communicate | 伝統 | tradition |
| 伝統的 | traditional | |||
| 伝言 | a message | |||
| 宣伝 | propaganda | |||
| 伝わる | (for news, information, idea) to spread | |||
| 手伝う | to help | |||
| 手伝い | a help | |||
| 5 | 温 | warm | 地球温暖化 | global warming |
| 温泉 | hot spring | |||
| 温度 | temperature | |||
| 体温 | body temperature | |||
| 温める | to warm | |||
| 温かい | warm | |||
| 6 | 差 | difference | 差別 | discrimination |
| 交差点 | intersection | |||
| 時差 | time difference | |||
| 偏差値 | ||||
| 7 | 美 | beautiful | 美人 | beautiful woman |
| 美術 | art | |||
| 美術館 | art museum | |||
| 美容院 | beauty salon | |||
| 8 | 選 | select, choose | 選手 | athlete |
| 選挙 | election | |||
| 選挙権 | the right to vote | |||
| 当選 | winning one's election, winning a prize | |||
| 落選 | losing one's election, losing a prize | |||
| 選択 | choice | |||
| 9 | 残 | remain | 残念な | unfortunate |
| 残業 | overtime work | |||
| 残す | to leave..behind | |||
| 残り | remaining | |||
| 10 | 建 | build | 建築 | architecture, construction |
| 建設 | construction, establishment | |||
| 建てる | to build | |||
| 建つ | to be built | |||
| 11 | 杉 | shape, form | 形式 | a form, formality |
| 三角形 | triangle | |||
| 図形 | a figure, a shape | |||
| 長方形 | rectangle | |||
| 人形 | doll | |||
| 12 | 的 | target | 一般的 | general |
| 代表的 | representative | |||
| 国際的 | international | |||
| 個人的 | personal | |||
| 近代的 | modern | |||
| 積極的 | proactive, positive | |||
| 具体的 | specific | |||
| 13 | 特 | special | 特徴 | characteristic |
| 独特（の） | unique | |||
| 特長 | a good/strong point, | |||
| 特集 | feature (on a magazine) | |||
| 特色 | characteristic feature | |||
| 特急 | express train | |||
| 14 | 市 | town, city, market | 市長 | mayor |
| 市町村 | cities, towns and villages, municipalities | |||
| 市民 | citizens | |||
| 市役所 | City Hall | |||
| 都市 | big city | |||
| 15 | 説 | explain, theory | 説明 | description |
| 演説 | speech | |||
| 解説 | an explanation | |||
| 社説 | an editorial, a leading article | |||
| 16 | 決 | decide | 決して | never |
| 解決 | solution, settlement | |||
| 決心 | decision, determination | |||
| 決定 | decision, conclusion | |||
| 決まり | rule, regulation | |||
| 決まる | to be decided | |||
| 17 | 別 | separate, another, different | 別（の） | another, different |
| 区別 | distinction | |||
| 差別 | discrimination | |||
| 性別 | gender | |||
| 別れ | separation | |||
| 別れる | to separate | |||
| 18 | 達 | reach | 発達する | to develop, to make progress |
| 達する | to reach | |||
| 上達する | to progress | |||
| 速達 | express delivery | |||
| 配達 | delivery | |||
| 19 | 覚 | memorize, wake up | 感覚 | sense |
| 覚ます | to wake | |||
| 覚める | to wake up |